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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and capacity to make use of relational affordances, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. The RIs from TS and ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor as a major factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see the example 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic issues such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has many advantages but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT for instance, does not take into account individual and cultural variations. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or evaluation. Despite its limitations, the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a strength. This ability can aid researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT is now one of the primary tools to analyze learners' behavior in communication. It can be used to investigate numerous issues, like the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the use of lexical terms. It can also be used to assess the phonological difficulty of learners speaking. A recent study utilized an DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with a list of scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The authors found that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of data collection methods. DCTs can be designed using specific linguistic criteria, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test creators. They are not necessarily precise, and they could incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue requires further studies of alternative methods of assessing refusal ability. A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT promoted more direct and traditionally form-based requests, and a lesser use of hints than email data did. look at this now (MQs) This study explored Chinese learners' decisions regarding their use of Korean by using a range of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often chose to resist native Korean norms of pragmatism. Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences, as well as their relational affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was analyzed first to identify the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance on DCTs to determine if they were a sign of resistance to pragmatics. The interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used phrases like “sorry” and “thank you.” This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to a lack of understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. 프라그마틱 정품인증 were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two independent coders. The coding process was an iterative process, where the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of coding were contrasted with the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors. Interviews with Refusal The central issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research sought to answer this question by using several experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. Then they were invited to a RI where they were required to reflect on their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs rejected native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their answers. They did this despite the fact that they were able to create patterns that were similar to natives. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors like their personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life experiences. They also referred external factors, such as relational benefits. They also discussed, for instance, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they could face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as “foreigners” and think they were ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers pragmatic norms aren't the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reconsider their relevance in specific scenarios and in different cultural contexts. This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. Additionally it will assist educators to develop more effective methodologies to teach and test the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of various sources of information to support the findings, including interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation is useful for examining specific or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods. The first step in a case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject are important for research and which are best left out. It is also useful to study the literature to gain a general understanding of the subject and put the issue in a wider theoretical context. This study was conducted on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices, which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency of adding their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses. The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached the level of four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and understanding and pragmatic awareness. Interviewees were presented with two scenarios that involved interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the strategies below to use when making demands. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personalities. TS for instance said she was difficult to talk to and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they were working at a high rate, even though she thought native Koreans would.